chamberland filter การใช้

• In 1892, the Russian biologist Dmitry Ivanovsky ( 1864 1920 ) used a Chamberland filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus.
• Dmitri Ivanovsky " ( pictured ) " demonstrated transmission of tobacco mosaic disease by extracts filtered through Chamberland filters; sometimes considered the beginning of virology
• In 1884 the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland invented a filter, known today as the Chamberland filter or Chamberland Pasteur filter, that has pores smaller than bacteria.
• He discovered that both incidents of disease were caused by an extremely minuscule infectious agent, capable of permeating porcelain Chamberland filters, something which bacteria could never do.
• In 1884, the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland ( 1851 1931 ) invented a filter  known today as the Chamberland filter  that had pores smaller than bacteria.
• In 1884 he developed a type of filtration known today as the Chamberland filter or Chamberland-Pasteur filter, a device that made use of an unglazed porcelain bar.
• Filtration experiments with paper and finest porcelain Chamberland filters were replicated by Dmitry Ivanovsky in 1892 and Martinus Beijerinck in 1898 who showed that the infectious agent of the tobacco mosaic disease was in fact infilterable.
• The first influenza virus to be isolated was from poultry, when in 1901 the agent causing a disease called " fowl plague " was passed through Chamberland filters, which have pores that are too small for bacteria to pass through.
• In 1898, Martinus Beijerinck, who was a Professor of Microbiology at the Technical University the Netherlands, put forth his concepts that viruses were small and determined that the " mosaic disease " remained infectious when passed through a Chamberland filter-candle.